Anemia

What Is It?

Anemia is a condition that results when there are an insufficient number of healthy red blood cells that can carry oxygen to the body tissues. As a result, energy levels are lowered, and people feel tired. The condition is common among women and those who suffer from chronic diseases. Anemia can be a symptom of an underlying illness.

The basic way that the body produces red blood cells (also known as hemoglobin) is by consuming iron, vitamins, and proteins from a diet that is enriched with vitamins and minerals. In the case that the body does not get enough of these vitamins and minerals, a person will feel fatigued since the body must work harder at carrying oxygen to tissues.

Types

Anemia can result from a variety of causes, and symptoms can range in severity. Classifications are based on morphology, underlying etiologic mechanisms, discernible clinical spectra, and more. In general, anemia results from blood loss, blood cell destruction, nutrition deficiency, and insufficient red blood cell production.

Symptoms & Warning Signs

The main symptom of anemia is fatigue. In the beginning, symptoms may be mild, and if left untreated, the condition will worsen. A person who is anemic will feel cold, weak, dizzy, and irritable. Other symptoms of anemia include shortness of breath, impaired memory, difficulty in swallowing, and chest pain.

Causes & Risk Factors

Anemia is caused by blood loss, insufficient production of red blood cells, and blood cell destruction. Iron deficiency, vitamin B12 and protein deficiency, bone marrow diseases, and intestinal problems can also cause symptoms. A woman's menstrual cycle or an injury might cause excessive blood loss. Cancers and infections can also lead to anemia. Other less common causes include genetic disorders such as kidney diseases and bone marrow problems.

Prevention & Treatment

Supplements and vitamins may help prevent and treat symptoms. A doctor might even put an individual on a diet that facilitates the production of healthy red blood cells. To avoid becoming anemic because of an unhealthy diet, it is advisable to eat foods that are rich in iron, vitamin B12, and foliate. Foods that include these necessary ingredients include beef, lentils, and dark vegetables. In the case of blood loss, a blood transfusion is necessary.

Tests & Diagnosis

A set of tests can help diagnose anemia. Some common tests include blood smear tests, bone marrow tests, complete blood counts, and serum iron tests. The others measure transferrin levels and reticulocyte counts. Tests will vary based on what the doctor suspects to be the cause.