Hypertension Types

Types

There are two main types of hypertension, and there are four types of hypertension that are less common. All of these types of hypertension have known and unknown causes. It is suspected that hypertension results from a variety of genetic and environmental factors. Primary hypertension is the most common type of hypertension, and secondary hypertension is also common. The four less common types of hypertension include malignant hypertension, isolated systolic hypertension, white coat hypertension, and resistant hypertension.

Primary Hypertension

Primary hypertension is the most common type of hypertension and accounts for 95% of cases. It is a complex disorder with no isolated cause. Many factors can put you at risk for primary hypertension including obesity and activity levels. High sodium and family history of hypertension can also put you at risk for this condition. Even though there is no single identifiable cause, a variety of factors can influence the condition's development.

Secondary Hypertension

With this type of high blood pressure, the cause is apparent and can be an underlying condition such as a thyroid problem or Cushing's syndrome. Problems with the kidneys, sleep apnea, and some conditions during pregnancy can cause secondary hypertension.

Malignant Hypertension

With malignant hypertension, high blood pressure occurs suddenly and drastically. A person might experience numbness in the body as well as vision problems, extreme fatigue, confusion, anxiety, and seizures. Malignant hypertension is reversible when the underlying condition is cured. Malignant hypertension is very rare and affects both children and adults. Pregnant women are also at risk. Heart damage is a possibility with this type of hypertension.

Isolated Systolic Hypertension

This type of hypertension is a result of old age and a poor diet. The arteries become stiff, resulting in a high systolic number with a normal diastolic number. Isolated systolic hypertension does not have an identifiable cause. Risk factors include old age, obesity, using tobacco products, and having diabetes. Caucasian and black men are the groups that are highest at risk for developing this type of hypertension.

White Coat Hypertension

This type of hypertension occurs only when blood pressure is taken in a clinical setting. Outside of a doctor's office, blood pressure is normal. It is believed that these patients feel extremely stressed when they visit a clinic or doctor's office.