Hypertension

What Is It?

Hypertension is a condition that causes chronic high blood pressure. It can occur as the result of another disease or condition, or it can occur randomly with no identifiable cause. Doctors diagnose patients with hypertension when their blood pressure is repeatedly above 140 mmHg systolic or 90 mmHg diastolic. Normal blood pressure hovers around 120 mmHg systolic and 80 mmHg diastolic. The first number represents the pressure in the arteries as the blood is pumped forward and the heart contracts. The lower number measures pressure after the heart contracts and relaxes.

Types

In total, there are six types of hypertension. Primary hypertension and secondary hypertension are the most common types and account for the majority of cases. While the cause for primary hypertension is related to kidneys problems, thyroid disorders, tumors, sleep apnea, and pregnancy, the cause for secondary hypertension is unknown. Malignant hypertension, isolated systolic hypertension, white coat hypertension, and resistant hypertension are the other common types of hypertension.

Symptoms & Warning Signs

Hypertension has the nickname "silent killer" since a person with hypertension does not experience any symptoms until the disease progresses to the stage where permanent problems from heart attacks and strokes can result. Some minor symptoms include dizziness, headaches, blurred vision, and shortness of breath. Frequently, these symptoms will prompt a doctor visit, and hypertension will be discovered as the cause.

Causes & Risk Factors

Heredity, diet, and environmental factors are responsible for causing hypertension, and the risk of hypertension increases with age. Risk factors that can be controlled include obesity, smoking, sedentary lifestyle, drinking alcohol, heavy salt intake, and stress.

Prevention & Treatment

Preferred treatment methods include lifestyle modifications and medications. First, the doctor will prescribe a diet and exercise regimen. If these attempts to control symptoms are unsuccessful, the doctor will prescribe medications. The doctor will need to monitor blood pressure regularly and may ask you to monitor blood pressure through a home testing kit. Reducing stress and eating a well balanced diet that is low in saturated fat and sodium can help prevent problems with high blood pressure.

Tests & Diagnosis

High blood pressure is measured using an inflatable cuff around the arm. This test works by blocking blood flow through an artery. The sound of the appearing and disappearing pulse can help the person or machine gauge systolic and diastolic pressure.