Constipation

Overview

If you feel like you have to pass a bowel movement but can't, you are likely constipated. It might hurt to defecate, and your symptoms might last for several days. In severe cases, constipation could lead to fecal impaction or a bowel obstruction, which is a blockage in the small or large intestine.

Constipation occurs when the large intestine over-absorbs water from food. Other causes include serve and muscle problems. You may experience constipation for reasons related to your diet, hormones, anatomy, medications, stress, or illness.

You may not feel an urge to go to the bathroom, or you may feel an overwhelming urge to go. You might also experience cramps and augmented bowel sounds. When your symptoms are severe, you might experience extreme pain, nausea, or vomiting. Constipation might also cause hemorrhoids, which are swollen veins in the rectum and anus.

Frequently, constipation will clear on its own within a few days. An over the counter laxative might help alleviate symptoms. If symptoms persist or become unbearable, you should see a doctor. If you suspect that you are having a bowel obstruction, or if you start vomiting, you should go to the emergency room.

A doctor will try to diagnose the cause of your constipation. The doctor will look at your medical history and ask a series of questions to develop an explanation. Sometimes, chronic constipation can be explained in terms of eating habits, exercise patterns, and conditions such as irritable bowel syndrome. If the doctor suspects a bowel obstruction, you will likely have to undergo x-rays. A doctor might also be able to determine the cause of your constipation by feeling your abdomen. A doctor might also conduct tests to see if you are experiencing nerve damage. Other tests could identify tumors or a blockage in your intestines. A colonoscopy is a test that a doctor uses to identify problems by sending a small camera from your anus into your intestines. It is advised that older people undergo colonoscopies on a regular basis.

Treatment

Short term and long term treatment will vary based on your specific condition. You may need to undergo an enema or take a suppository to clear your system. You might also be prescribed stool softeners to take on a regular basis. You might also need to take laxatives. In any case, you will need to be careful when taking laxatives. Over time, it is possible to become dependent on laxatives, and without laxatives, you will experience constant chronic constipation. Before taking a laxative, you should consult a doctor to make sure that you are using the medication safely.

Long term treatment options focus on lifestyle changes. You'll likely need to change your diet and exercise habits. You will need to exercise multiple times a week and eat a diet that is high in fiber. You might also need to start taking a fiber supplement.